Early models had a fibrous matting stuffed in among the barrels, which could be soaked with water to cool the barrels down. The lock cylinder was encased and joined to the frame. Each barrel had a single lock, working in the lock cylinder on a line with the barrel. Also in the casing was a cocking ring with projections to cock and fire the gun. The cam imparted a reciprocating motion to the locks when the gun rotated. In front of the casing was a cam with spiral surfaces. The casing was partitioned, and through this opening, the barrel shaft was journaled. The carrier was grooved and the lock cylinder was drilled with holes corresponding to the barrels. The barrels, a carrier, and a lock cylinder were separate and all mounted on a solid plate revolving around a central shaft, mounted on an oblong fixed frame. Each barrel fires once per revolution at about the same position. The Gatling gun is operated by a hand-crank mechanism, with six barrels revolving around a central shaft (although some models had as many as ten). Ī British 1865 Gatling gun at Firepower – The Royal Artillery Museum Gatling guns were even mounted aboard ships. It was also used by the Pennsylvania militia in episodes of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, specifically in Pittsburgh. It was later used in numerous military conflicts, including the Boshin War, the Anglo-Zulu War and the assault on San Juan Hill during the Spanish–American War. One of the best-known early rapid-fire firearms, the Gatling gun saw occasional use by the Union forces during the American Civil War, which was the first time it was employed in combat. This configuration eliminated the need for a single reciprocating bolt design and allowed higher rates of fire to be achieved without the barrels overheating quickly. As the handwheel is cranked, the barrels rotate clockwise and each barrel sequentially loads a single cartridge from a top-mounted magazine, fires off the shot when it reaches a set position (usually at 4 o'clock), then ejects the spent casing out of the left side at the bottom, after which the barrel is empty and allowed to cool until rotated back to the top position and gravity-fed another new round.

The Gatling gun's operation centered on a cyclic multi-barrel design which facilitated cooling and synchronized the firing-reloading sequence. It is an early machine gun and a forerunner of the modern electric motor-driven rotary cannon. The Gatling gun is a rapid-firing multiple-barrel firearm invented in 1861 by Richard Jordan Gatling.

10 22 gatling gun plans